|
摘要:工业化的快速发展和城市化进程的加剧，使得城市生态环境的破坏和污染愈来愈严重，加速了城市的“生态环境危机”。 城市绿地能够通过植被的光合作用、吸收作用、隔离阻挡作用、蒸腾以及蒸散作用改善城市的生态环境。目前研究主要集中在 降温、增湿、固碳释氧、降噪、抗污染、生物多样性保护等6个方面。关于城区绿地对6种生态环境要素的改善程度、影响范围、 机理问题以及不同植被种类生态环境效应的差异情况等，国内外学者都进行了大量详细的研究。基于传统实地观测数据进行 城市绿地的生态环境效应研究是目前主要使用的研究方法，部分学者开始使用遥感技术手段研究城区绿地的降温增湿效应。 在总结和分析前人研究成果的基础上，从研究内容的不同着手,主要总结并系统评估了目前关于城市绿地6种生态环境效应的 研究,为今后相关研究提供参考。 关键词:城市绿地;生态环境效应；降温;增湿；固碳释氧；降低噪声;抗污染;保护生物多样 Abstract I In the 21st century, more and more people from rural areas and suburbs pour into cities. Urbanization had become an unstoppable tendency bringing a series of unfavorable consequences. Farmlands in the countries are shrinking. Rural lands, rivers and air conditions are polluted. Because of the rapid development of urban industries and the aggravation of urbanization, large numbers of natural surfaces in the city have been replaced by artificial surfaces. This had resulted in undesirable impacts on urban meteorological and ecological environment, which could have seriously polluted urban ecology and urban environments and accelerated the ecological crisis of urban spaces，and also brought lots of negative effect to the health of human beings. Studies had showed that urban green spaces could absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, lower the air temperature, increase air moisture, reduce dust concentration and noise level, while they could protect the biodiversity and reduce air pollution through the photosynthesis，absorption，buffer function，transpiration and evapotranspiration of vegetation. Urban green spaces were one of the best ways to improve the urban ecological environment. Many researchers have done numerous studies about the eco-environmental effects of urban green spaces, mainly in lowering the surface temperature， increasing the air humidity， carbon fixation and oxygen release， noise reduction, pollution filtering and biodiversity protection. The differences of the eco-environment effects of the urban green space were not only reflected on large spatial scales (such as different zones, countries and regions and so on) , but also reflected on small spatial scales (such as different underlying surface and vegetation types and so on) . What was more, these differences were still not only reflected on large temporal scales (such as different seasons or months) , but also onsmall temporal scales (such as different days, hours and minutes) . The main influencing factors of the eco-environment effects of the urban green space were summed up as following! the sun radiation quantity, green space size, the shape of green space (the length and width ratio, height, boundary curvature degree, perimeter area ratio, etc. ) , the green space landscape structure, the internal composition of green space, vegetation indexes (Normalized difference vegetation index, Leaf area index, Vegetation fraction, Thermal vegetation index, etc) , biomass and some other ecological environment factors. Seen from the study methods, most researches about the eco-environment effects of urban green space at home or abroad mainly used two methods. One was based on the observation data. The other was the quantitative remote sensing technique, by which we could retrieve the land surface parameters simultaneously. Currently, most of the researches were based on traditional field observation method. That was because that the quantitative remote sensing technology was limited to a few parameters. In developed countries, the thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing techniques had been used over urban areas and applied in urban climate and heat environmental studies for more than 30 years, mainly for analyzing land surface temperature (LST) distribution, difference and their relationship with urban development and surface energy fluxes. Recently, the rapidly expanding urban areas of the world aroused an environmental challenge for the 21st century that required both new analytic approaches and new data sources. Thus, remote sensing technology could provide a new study method for researchers in developing countries. With the development of the quantitative remote sensing technology, the remote sensing technology is sure to play a more and more important role in future micro-scale eco-environmental effect studies. Based on differences of existing research methods and contents, the study summarized and systematically evaluated the researches on 6 eco-environmental effects of urban green spaces. The current study difficulties, deficiencies and key directions were indicated for references to future allied researches. Key Words I Urban green space (UGS) ； eco-environmental effect ； lowing land surface temperature ； 城市是人口、政治、经济、文化、宗教等高度密集的载体，是人类活动与自然环境高度复合的独特生态系 统。城市生态系统具有开放性、依赖性、脆弱性等特点，极易受到人类活动的干扰和破坏，引起城市生态系统 的失衡,导致城市“生态环境危机”的出现1。近年来，快速的城市化进程使得大量的人造建筑取代了自然地 表，极大的改变了城市的生态环境，影响人类的身体健康和生活环境M。绿地是植被生长、占据、覆盖的地 表和空间63。城市绿地是指用以栽植树木花草、布置配套设施，并由绿色植物所覆盖，且赋以一定功能与用 途的场地。城市绿地可以通过植物的蒸腾、蒸散、吸收、吸附、反射等功能，降低温度，增加湿度，固碳释氧，抗 污染（吸收粉尘、Cl2、S〇2、CO等），降低噪音，保护生物多样性等。随着生态城市概念的提出、建设和发展，人 们日益注意到城市绿地的生态意义（保护生物多样性）和环境价值（降温增湿、固碳释氧、抗污染、降噪）。目 前研究城市绿地的生态环境效应已经成为景观生态学、城市园林生态学以及环境科学的热点。 |
|
核心期刊网（www.hexinqk.com）秉承“诚以为基，信以为本”的宗旨，为广大学者老师提供投稿辅导、写作指导、核心期刊推荐等服务。 核心期刊网专业期刊发表机构，为学术研究工作者解决北大核心、CSSCI核心、统计源核心、EI核心等投稿辅导咨询与写作指导的问题。 投稿辅导咨询电话：18915033935 投稿辅导客服QQ： 投稿辅导投稿邮箱：1003158336@qq.com |
| 你好，欢迎来到！ 设为首页 ｜收藏本站 | ||
|
