本文同时试图对中国企业的管理实践也提供 一些启示。 第一,政策环境是影响企业经营的外部环境中 关键的一环,大到宏观制度变迁,小到行业或者地 区政策变化。企业保持对政策的关注,既能充分应 不利的政策变化,又能够利用政策利好。尽管面 对同样的政策环境,应对和利用政策的能力却因企 业而异,对政策变化相对敏感的企业尤其要保持对 政策的关注。企业资源和管理者注意力都是有限 的,在中国体制转型过程中,搞市场还是搞关系似乎 是中国企业面临的一个困境。随着宏观体制市场化 和全球化进程的加快,企业越来越注重品牌和技术优 势的建立,但这些企业也更需要关注政策的影响。 第二,市场化进程中,一方面,国有企业面临着 越来越大的市场竞争压力;另一方面,私营企业也 得到了越来越多的政策扶持,使得私营企业在政策 环境下的脆弱性已经越来越不明显。然而,本研究 的结论指出,国有企业在非市场活动中获得的安全 感仍然更强。对于国有企业而言,应警惕官僚活动 带来过度的安全感,而忽略环境变化。尤其是十八 大以来,党中央高度重视国有企业党风廉政建设和 反腐败工作,已经揪出了一大批国有企业蛀虫?,国 有企业需要透过更加市场化的眼光应对政策环境 以及其他经营环境的变化。 1.研究局限和未来方向 在理论和方法上,本研究仍有一些待未来完善 之处。第一,本研究对制度逻辑和政策关注度的理 论解释基于企业脆弱性,而这个潜在的逻辑需要未 来研究更加直接地检验。比如,将资源配置于非市 场活动的企业是否从中获取了切实的利益,或者企 业是否真的从这些活动中获得了安全感。第二,样 本的局限是本文的结论在一般化时需要注意的问 题。将样本集中在一个行业内使得本研究可以控 制行业间的差异性,然而,限于一个行业数据的分 析结果也限制了结论的一般性。第三,本文聚焦 于企业对政策的关注,未来研究可以继续探索注 意力引起的战略行为。比如,本文样本中企业对 新医改政策差异化的关注是否会影响其后续的 行动。 参考文献: [1 ] Barreto I. Toward A Theory of Intraorganizational Attention Based on Desirability and Feasibility Factors[ J]. Strategic Man-agement Journal,2013,34,(6) ;687 -703. 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